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Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

Sanitary napkins are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production can help consumers make informed choices. This article explores the key components of sanitary napkins and their functions.

1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

• Non-woven fabric: Lightweight and breathable, often made from polypropylene or polyethylene.

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• Perforated film: Provides a dry surface by allowing liquid to pass through quickly.
• Cotton-like materials: Offer a soft, cloth-like feel for enhanced comfort.

2. Absorption Core

The absorption core is the most critical part of a sanitary napkin, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It typically consists of:

• Fluff pulp: A biodegradable material made from wood pulp, known for its high absorbency.
• Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): These synthetic materials can absorb many times their weight in liquid, locking it away to prevent leakage.
• Combination of fluff and SAP: Most modern pads use a blend of both for optimal performance.

3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. It’s usually made from:

• Polyethylene film: A thin, flexible plastic layer that’s impermeable to liquids.
• Breathable microporous films: Newer versions allow vapor to escape while blocking liquid, reducing moisture buildup.

4. Adhesive Layer

The adhesive keeps the pad securely in place in the underwear. Key aspects include:

• Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Applied to the back sheet, it sticks to fabric without leaving residue.
• Wing adhesives: Additional adhesive strips on wings for extra security.

5. Release Paper

This protective layer covers the adhesive before use. It’s typically made from:

• Silicone-coated paper: Allows easy removal while protecting the adhesive.
• Plastic films: Sometimes used as an alternative.

6. Side Barriers (Wings)

Many modern pads feature wings that fold over the sides of underwear. These are made from:

• Non-woven materials: Similar to the top sheet but may be slightly more rigid.
• Additional adhesive strips: To secure the wings in place.

7. Fragrance and Additives

Some pads include additional components:

• Deodorants: Often added to mask menstrual odor.
• Aloe vera or chamomile: Sometimes included for skin soothing properties.
• Antimicrobial agents: