Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Modern sanitary pads are complex products made from multiple layers, each serving a specific function.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Silk-like materials for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton fibers
– Blends of these materials

The SAP content can range from 5-60% depending on the pad’s intended absorbency level.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Non-woven fabric composites

Key properties: Liquid impermeability, flexibility, and comfort

### 4. Adhesive Components

These include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Release paper for protecting the adhesive before use

## Additional Features and Materials

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many modern pads feature:

– Non-woven fabric wings
– Elastic components for better fit
– Leak-proof barriers along the sides

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads may contain:

– Deodorizing agents
– Aloe vera or vitamin E coatings
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Material Properties and Performance

The effectiveness of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

### Absorption Capacity

Determined by:
– SAP type and quantity
– Fluff pulp quality and density
– Core structure design

### Wetback Characteristics

Important factors include:
– Surface dryness (top sheet performance)
– Fluid distribution within the core
– Retention capacity under pressure

### Comfort Factors

Key considerations:
– Breathability of materials
– Flexibility and conformability
– Skin-friendliness and hypoallergenic properties

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:
– Biodegradable materials
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable packaging

## Conclusion

Understanding sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products. The combination of absorption technology, comfort materials, and environmental considerations continues to drive innovation in this essential hygiene product category.